KARATE BASICS

Karate training is commonly divided into
Kihon.. - Training in fundamentals 
Kata ....- Training in formal exercises
Kumite – Sparring
Kata is a formal exercise practiced in karate which incorporates a series of movements designed to perfect form, agility, stamina, power and speed. It provides an excellent means to sharpen self defense techniques.
Kumite
Sparring in Karate is called kumite . This is a fight in which basic techniques executed with "empty hands. Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training.
• Kihon Ippon kumite - one step sparring, typically used for self-defense drills
• Sanbon kumite - three step sparring, typically used to develop speed, strength, and technique
• Gohan kumite  - five step attack sparring
• Kiso kumite - structured sparring drawn from a kata
• Jiyu ippon kumite - free sparring
Kihon
Kihon translates to basic techniques, and is the foundation of all subsequent learning in karate. All students start karate by learning basic blocks, punchs, kicks and stances. Kihon is taken very seriously and is taught very consistently in the Dojo to ensure that orrect technique is learned at the very beginning. Kihon becomes central to learning the Kata and drills and in depth study will lead to more advanced techniques. 
Basic techniques can be broadly divided in to 4 types: Blocking, Punching, Stance and Kicking
Blocking (Uke)

1. Age -Uke (upper block against head attack)
2. Soto-Uke (forearm block against body attack ,outside inward)
3. Gedan- Barai (Sweeping block against groin attack)
4. Uchhi –Uke (Inside forearm block against body attack)
5. Shuto-Uke (Knife hand block)
6. uchi ude uke: inside forearm block

Punching techniques (zuki/tsuki)

1. chudan zuki : mid-level punch
2. Jodan zuki : upper level punch
3. Gedan zuki : lower level punch
4. Nidan zuki: dubble  punch

5. Gyaku zuki: Reverse punch
6. Oi zuki: Stepping punch
7. Sanbon zuki: Triple punch 

Kicking techniques (Geri)

1. Ashi barai: Foot sweep
2. Fumikomi: Stomp kick
3. Mae geri: Front kick
4. Mae-ren geri: Double front kick 
5. Mawashi geri: Roundhouse kick
6. Mikazuki geri: Crescent kick
7. Ushiro geri: Back kick
8. Ushiro mawashi geri : Reverse roundhouse kick
9. Yoko geri keage: Side snap kick
10. Yoko geri kekomi: Side thrust kick

Stance : Dachi.

Fudo dachi                                          Fighting stance

Hachiji dachi                                       Open-legged stance

Hangetsu dach                                    Wide hour-glass stance

Heisoku dachi                                     Formal attention stance

Hidari ashi orishiku                           Left leg kneeling

Kamae                                                 Posture

Kiba dachi                                           Straddle stance

Kokutsu dachi                                     Back stance

Kosa dachi                                           Cross-legged stance

Migi ashi orishiku                               Right leg kneeling

Musubi dachi                                       Informal attention stance

Neko-ashi dachi                                  Cat stance

Renoji dachi                                      "L" stance

Shizen-tai dach   i                              Natural stance

Zenkutsu dachi                                 Front stance